The Gulf of Mexico began to form between 230 and 200 million years ago, during the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods, as a result of the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. During this process, the North American and South American tectonic plates began to separate, creating large faults and a depression in the Earth's crust.
Over time, this basin was inundated by marine waters, forming a shallow sea that gradually evolved into the present-day Gulf of Mexico. During the Jurassic period, seafloor spreading stabilized its shape and structure.
Deposits of salt and sediments, accumulated over millions of years, especially from rivers like the Mississippi, helped shape the Gulf's floor and coastlines. These materials played a crucial role in forming its current geological features.
In addition to its natural importance, the Gulf of Mexico is now one of the richest regions in the world in terms of oil and natural gas, with significant reserves both in shallow and deep waters. Its unique geology—characterized by thick sedimentary layers and salt formations—creates ideal conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation.
The history of the Gulf of Mexico is, therefore, an impressive example of how geological and tectonic processes shape the Earth and directly influence human life and economy.
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